Método simple para minimizar la discrepancia en la longitud de las extremidades y restaurar el offset en la artroplastia total de cadera / A Simple method to minimize limb length discrepancy and restore offset in total hip arthroplasty

Introducción: Existen más de 20 técnicas diferentes para corregir la discrepancia de miembros inferiores. El método que aquí se evalúa se basa en una clavija fija posicionada en el ala ilíaca asociada a un "calibre" móvil, con otra clavija con la que se marca la referencia en el trocánter mayor. Objetivo: Evaluar la confiabilidad de este dispositivo de medición usado durante la artroplastia total de cadera para restaurar la longitud del miembro inferior y el offset femoral. Materiales y Métodos: Se formaron dos grupos: grupo A con pacientes en quienes no se había usado el dispositivo y grupo B con pacientes en quienes sí se había usado el dispositivo. Se realizaron las mediciones en la radiografía panorámica de pelvis obtenida con el paciente de pie, antes de la cirugía y 3 meses después. Resultados: Se obtuvo una muestra de 80 pacientes (40 por grupo). Se logró corregir la discrepancia de la longitud de los miembros, pero no se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la corrección promedio, entre ambos grupos (p = 0,07). Sin embargo, al analizar la varianza en la corrección de la discrepancia de la longitud de cada grupo se obtuvo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p <0,001). Conclusiones: Este dispositivo que permite una medición cuantificable más objetiva no asegura una corrección de la discrepancia de la longitud exacta a 0 mm, pero sí permite trabajar dentro de un rango más confiable y seguro. Nivel de Evidencia: III

Introduction: There are more than 20 different techniques to correct lower limb length discrepancy. The method evaluated in this study is based on a fixed pin in the iliac wing connected to a mobile gauge and another pin in the greater trochanter with which the reference is marked. The objective is to evaluate the reliability of this measurement device used during THA to restore lower limb length and femoral offset. Materials and Methods: Two groups were formed: Group A (patients who did not use the device) and Group B (patients who did use the device). Measurements were taken in the pre-surgery panoramic pelvic radiograph with the patient standing and three months later. Results: A sample of 80 patients was obtained, with 40 in each group. The difference in limb length could be corrected in each group, however the average correction achieved by both groups did not result in a statistically significant difference (p=0.07). However, when the variance in the correction of the difference in length of each group was examined, a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was obtained. Conclusions: We can conclude that while this device, which serves as a more objective quantifiable measurement technique, does not guarantee a correction of the exact length discrepancy to 0 mm, it does allow us to work within a more dependable and safe range. Level of Evidence: III

Factores asociados con rigidez de las articulaciones del hombro y la cadera en adultos mayores / Factors associated with stiffness of the shoulder and hips joints in the elderly

Introducción: mantener el nivel adecuado de flexibilidad en la edad adulta es importante para realizar las actividades básicas de la vida diaria; sin embargo, esta puede verse afectada negativamente por distintos factores, como el sedentarismo, la artrosis, la diabetes y el estado emocional. Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de la rigidez en las articulaciones del hombro y coxofemoral, con factores asociados en los adultos mayores de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Metodología: estudio analítico transversal con una muestra de 160 adultos mayores de las residencias geriátricas de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. La información se recolectó aplicando dos tests que valoran la flexibilidad, incluidos en la batería Senior fitness test (SFT): el Back scratch (TBS) y el test Chair sit and reach (TCSAR), para valorar el grado de rigidez de las articulaciones del hombro y coxofemoral. El nivel de actividad física se evaluó utilizando el test Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA), y se utilizaron el test Yesavege para valorar el grado de depresión y la historia clínica de cada paciente, para conocer antecedentes de diabetes mellitus o artrosis. Se analizaron los datos con el programa SPSS versión 20.0®, por medio de medidas de frecuencia, dispersión, análisis bivariado (OR, IC, valor P). Resultados: se evidenció la inactividad física como factor de riesgo importante para padecer rigidez de articulación del hombro p=0,023, articulación coxofemoral p<0,001; además, la artrosis como factor de riesgo para rigidez en miembros superiores. La pre-valencia de rigidez articular fue de 40,6% en miembros inferiores y el 70,6%en los miembros superiores. Conclusión: los hallazgos de esta investigación corroboran que la inactividad física pue-de llevar a la pérdida progresiva de la flexibilidad en adultos mayores, con disminución en el rango de movimiento articular y limitación funcional. (AU)

Introduction: maintaining the appropriate level of flexibility in adulthood is important to carry out the basic activities of daily life; however, this can be negatively affected by different factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, osteoarthritis, diabetes and emotional state. Objective: to analyze the prevalence of stiffness in the shoulder and coxofemoral joints, with associated factors in older adults in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. Methodology: cross-sectional analytical study with a sample of 160 older adults from nursing homes in the city of Cuenca. The information was collected by applying two tests that assess flexibility, included in the senior fitness test (SFT) battery: the back scratch (TBS) and the chair sit and reach test (TCSAR), to assess the degree of stiffness of the knee joint. shoulder and coxofemoral. The level of physical activity was evaluated using the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) test, the Yesavege test was used to assess the degree of depression and the clinical history of each patient to determine a history of diabetes mellitus or osteoarthritis. The data were analyzed with the SPSS version 20.0 program, through measures of frequency, dispersion, and bivariate analysis (OR, CI, P value). Results: physical inactivity was evidenced as an important risk factor for shoulder joint stiffness p=0.023, coxofemoral joint p=<0.001; in addition, osteoarthritis as a risk factor for stiffness in the upper limbs. The prevalence of joint stiffness was 40.6% in the lower limbs and 70.6% in the upper limbs. Conclusion: the findings of this research corroborate that physical inactivity can lead to progressive loss of flexibility in older adults, with decreased range of joint movement and functional limitation. (AU)

Comportamiento de los tallos no cementados recubiertos con hidroxiapatita colocados con alineación coronal inadecuada en la artroplastia primaria de cadera. Resultados del seguimiento a largo plazo / Behavior of hydroxyapatite-coated cementless stems placed with coronal malalignment in primary hip arthroplasty. Long-term follow-up results

Introducción: La mala alineación de los tallos femorales no cementados sigue siendo un tema controvertido. Algunos autores han comunicado una inadecuada osteointegración y hundimiento en los tallos en varo y otros no encontraron dichos efectos adversos, pese a la incorrecta alineación. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron determinar la prevalencia de tallos no cementados con cobertura total de hidroxiapatita en deseje coronal y mostrar los resultados clínico-radiográficos a largo plazo. materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo entre 2006 y 2009. Se analizaron 220 reemplazos totales de cadera primarios con tallos no cementados con cobertura completa de hidroxiapatita. La alineación coronal fue analizada con radiografías anteroposteriores de ambas caderas en 10° de rotación interna. Se registraron datos, como osteointegración, hundimiento, osteólisis femoral proximal e hipertrofia cortical. Para el análisis clínico se utilizó el Harris Hip Score. El análisis de supervivencia contempló la necesidad de revisión por cualquier causa. Resultados: La prevalencia de tallos en deseje fue del 32,3%, con mayoría de implantes en varo (73,3%). El Harris Hip Score tuvo un incremento estadísticamente significativo (41,05 ± 6,5 vs. 90,05 ± 2,5; p <0,01). El 73,1% de los tallos desarrollaron una fijación ósea estable. Se observó osteólisis femoral proximal en el 3% de los casos. Hubo un 3% de fracturas periprotésicas femorales. La supervivencia de la prótesis fue del 100% a los 10.9 años. Conclusión: Los tallos no cementados con cobertura total de hidroxiapatita toleran adecuadamente la alineación coronal en varo/valgo a largo plazo. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Coronal malalignment of non-cemented stems remains controversial. It's been reported that femoral stems implanted with varus or valgus developed subsidence and lack of integration with femoral bone. The purpose of this study was to calculate prevalence of coronal malalignment in cementless, fully coated with hydroxialapatyte (HA) femoral stems focusing in their long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed, assessing 220 primaries total hip replacements with non-cemented, fully coated with HA, femoral stems between 2006 and 2009. Coronal alignment was assessed with hips antero-posterior views with 10º of internal rotation of lower limbs. We registered data about subsidence, proximal femoral osteolysis and cortical hipertrophy. Functional outcomes were assessed with Harris Hip Score (HHS). Free revision rate implant survival was calculated. Results: Prevalence of femoral stems with malalignment was 32.3%. HHS showed an statistically significant increase after surgery (41.05 ± 6.5 versus 90.05 ± 2.5; p <0.01). There were 73.1% of femoral stems that achieved a bone stable fixation. We observed proximal femoral osteolysis in 3.0% of the patients and there were 3% of periprosthetic fractures. Free-revision survival rate was 100% at 10.9 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Cementless, fully coated with HA femoral stems with varus/valgus malalignment achieves good long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes. Level of Evidence: IV

Vástagos estriados cónicos modulares en revisión de artroplastia total de cadera. Estudio multicéntrico. Resultados y complicaciones a mediano plazo / Modular fluted tapered stems in revision total hip arthroplasty. Multicenter study. Medium-term results and complication rate

Introducción: Debido al crecimiento exponencial del número de artroplastias de cadera, se espera una mayor cantidad de re-visiones en las próximas décadas. Los vástagos cónicos estriados modulares se han vuelto populares en la última década por sus resultados favorables. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los resultados, las complicaciones y la tasa de supervivencia de estos vástagos en las revisiones de cadera, con un seguimiento a mediano plazo. materiales y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 182 pacientes a quienes se les realizó una cirugía de revisión de cadera entre 2007 y 2017. Se colo-caron 185 vástagos cónicos estriados de fijación distal. El déficit de stock óseo femoral se clasificó según Paprosky y Burnett; y las facturas periprotésicas, según la clasificación de Vancouver. Se evaluó a los pacientes clínicamente con el Harris Hip Score (HHS) y con radiografías a los 3 meses y anualmente para evaluar la estabilidad del vástago, la subsidencia y el aflojamiento, así como la consolidación de la osteotomía. Resultados: Seguimiento medio 55.18 meses. El HHS posoperatorio tuvo una media de 80,28 (DE = 12,8, IC95% 78,5-82,97). No hubo complicaciones posoperatorias en el 75,4% de los pacientes. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron inestabilidad (7,6%) y subsidencia del implante (11,5%). Al final del seguimiento, el 95,05% de los pacientes tenía un implante estable. Conclusiones: Los vástagos cónicos estriados modulares de fijación distal proporcionan una solución confiable, reproducible y duradera para el manejo de revisiones de componentes femorales a medio plazo. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Background: The number of arthroplasties performed every year is increasing; therefore, a greater number of revisions is expected in the coming decades. Modular fluted tapered stems have become the gold standard for their results in different series of patients. The objective of this article is to evaluate the results, complications and the survival rate of these stems in hip revisions with a medium-term follow-up. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, multicenter analysis. One hundred eighty-two patients who had undergone hip revision surgery between 2007 and 2017 were included. One hundred eighty-five modular fluted tapered stems were placed. Femoral bone stock defects were classified according to Paprosky and Burnett; and periprosthetic femur fractures according to Vancouver classification. Patients were evaluated clinically with Harris Hip Score (HHS) and radiographically 3 months after surgery and every year to assess stem stability, subsidence and loosening, as well as osteotomy healing. Results: Average follow-up was 55.18 months. Postoperative HHS had an average of 80.28 (SD = 12.8, 95% CI = [78.5, 82.97]). There were no postoperative complications in 75.4% of the patients. The most frequent complications were instability in 7.6% and implant subsidence in 11.5%. At the end of the follow-up, 95.05% of the patients had a stable implant. Conclusion: Modular fluted tapered stems provide a reliable, reproducible solution for the management of femoral component revisions at medium-term. Level of Evidence: IV

Resultados a corto plazo de la artroplastia total de cadera con tallos femorales de fijación metafisaria de segunda generación / Short-term outcomes in total hip arthroplasties using second-generation metaphyseal fixation stems

Introducción: Considerando la gran cantidad de artroplastias totales de cadera que se realizan hoy en pacientes jóvenes, es esencial comprender ampliamente la supervivencia de dichos implantes. La estabilidad del componente femoral y su resistencia al hundimiento son factores críticos para lograr una correcta osteointegración y el subsiguiente éxito clínico en la artroplastia total de cadera no cementada. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se analizó a todos los pacientes sometidos a un reemplazo total de cadera primario, por nuestro equipo, entre diciembre de 2017 y mayo de 2018. Se seleccionó a quienes se les habían colocado tallos de fijación metafisaria de segunda generación. Se compararon los valores obtenidos con nuestra base de datos de pacientes a los que se les colocaron tallos de primera generación. Resultados: Al evaluar las 82 artroplastias totales de cadera del grupo 1, contemplando el primer año de seguimiento posoperatorio, hallamos 2 (2,44%) complicaciones registradas durante la cirugía (una fractura de calcar y una falsa vía generada mientras se trabajaba el canal femoral). Un paciente (2%) de los 49 evaluados en el grupo 2 requirió una revisión del tallo femoral, por aflojamiento aséptico, a los 5 meses de la cirugía primaria. Conclusiones: Según nuestra experiencia, este tipo de implantes es conveniente para alcanzar resultados clínicos comparables con los obtenidos usando los de la generación anterior, pero disminuyendo el riesgo de complicaciones intraoperatorias durante su colocación. Es un método reproducible con una baja curva de aprendizaje en manos experimentadas. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: The high number of total hip arthroplasties (THAs) currently being performed in young patients warrants a thorough understanding of THA survivorship. Femoral component stability and resistance to subsidence are critical factors to achieve correct osseointegration, and the subsequent clinical success, in uncemented THAs. Materials and Methods: We conducted an observational, descriptive, retrospective study on all patients who underwent primary total hip replacement performed by our surgical team between December 2017 and May 2018. We identified the patients who received second-generation metaphyseal fixation stems (Group 2). Group 2 results were then compared with our database of patients who received first-generation stems (Group 1). Results: Group 1: 82 THAs, of which, after a 1-year postoperative follow-up, 2 patients (2.44%) had complications, which were noted during surgery (a calcar fracture and a false route caused while preparing the femoral canal). Group 2: 49 THAs, 1 patient (2%) required femoral stem revision, due to aseptic loosening, 5 months after primary THA. Conclusions: In our experience, second-generation implants achieve clinical outcomes comparable to those obtained with first-generation implants, while also decreasing the risk of intraoperative complications associated with the placement of the implant. This method has shown to be reproducible and to have an easy learning curve for experienced surgeons. Level of Evidence: IV

Uso de copas de tantalio trabecular para la reconstrucción acetabular compleja: Resultados de una serie de 42 casos y un seguimiento promedio de tres años / Trabecular metal cup outcomes in complex acetabular reconstruction. Review of 42 cases with a 3-year follow-up

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar nuestros resultados clinico-radiologicos con el uso de copas de tantalio trabecular para la reconstruccion de acetabulos complejos, tanto en cirugias primarias como en revisiones, y compararlos con series similares de otros autores. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevo a cabo una revision retrospectiva de una serie de 42 cirugias (29 revisiones y 13 artroplastias primarias) en 40 pacientes, entre marzo de 2010 y marzo de 2016. La serie incluyo a 20 mujeres y 20 hombres, con una edad promedio de 60 anos (rango 27-93). El seguimiento promedio fue de 37 meses (rango 12-84). Todos los pacientes fueron tratados con el mismo tipo de metal trabecular. Resultados: Al promedio de seguimiento mencionado la supervivencia del componente acetabular fue del 97,6%. Un paciente fue tratado con artroplastia de reseccion debido a una infeccion persistente. La tasa de complicaciones totales fue del 12% y el promedio del Harris Hip Score posoperatorio fue de 81,54 (rango 63,25-92,75). Conclusiones: Aunque se necesita un seguimiento mas prolongado, el uso de copas de metal trabecular logra resultados prometedores para el tratamiento de acetabulos complejos. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to review of our clinical and radiological results with the use of trabecular metal cups for complex acetabular reconstruction, both in primary and revision total hip arthroplasties, and to compare our results with those in similar series from other authors. Methods: A series of 42 surgeries (29 hip revisions and 13 primary total hip arthroplasties) in 40 patients, between March 2010 and March 2016 was retrospectively reviewed. The series included 20 women and 20 men, with a mean age of 60 years (range 27-93). The mean follow-up was 37 months (range 12-84). All patients were treated with the same type of trabecular metal. Results: At the average follow-up, the survival of the acetabular component was 97.6%. One patient required resection arthroplasty due to persistent infection. Overall complication rate was 12% and the average postoperative Harris Hip Score was 81.54 (range 63.25-92.75). Conclusions: Despite further follow-up is needed, trabecular metal cup use for complex acetabular reconstruction shows promising results. Level of Evidence: IV

Revisión femoral con tallo cónico de fijación distal / Femoral revision surgery with conical stem of distal fixation

Introducción: La pérdida de hueso proximal en la cirugía de revisión del vástago femoral es el principal desafío que enfrenta el cirujano al efectuar una revisión. El objetivo es obtener una fijación estable de los componentes, así como la restauración de la cinemática de la articulación. Materiales y Métodos: Evaluamos a 37 pacientes (39 revisiones femorales), entre 2010 y 2014, a quienes se les colocaron tallos cónicos no cementados de fijación distal (28 modulares y 11 no modulares). La edad promedio fue 63.5 años. Se incluyó a 18 (48,64%) mujeres y 19 (51,35%) hombres. Se intervinieron 14 (35,89%) casos de aflojamiento aséptico, 14 (35,89%) infecciones, 7 (17,94%) fracturas periprotésicas, 3 (7,69%) fracturas de vástago y una (2,56%) por inestabilidad. El seguimiento medio fue de 42 meses (rango 24-74). Resultados: El puntaje medio de Harris mejoró de 37 (rango 10-77) antes de la operación a 81 (rango 33-96) en el último seguimiento. Cuatro pacientes (10,2%) presentaron luxación, uno (2,5%) tuvo una infección profunda; otro (2,5%), una fractura intraoperatoria; en tres (7,6%) pacientes, se produjo un hundimiento y fue necesario revisar 2 (5,1%) implantes femorales. Conclusiones: Con el vástago cónico se han logrado resultados satisfactorios en 2-6 años de seguimiento, en varias condiciones de revisión femoral. Requiere de una técnica simple y reproducible, con una mejoría clínica ampliamente publicada. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Proximal bone loss at the femoral stem is the main challenge facing surgeons at the time of revision total hip arthroplasty. The aim of revision surgeries is to obtain a stable placement of components and to restore joint kinematics. Methods: Between 2010 and 2014, we evaluated 37 patients (39 hips) in whom non-cemented femoral stems were used (28 modular and 11 non-modular).The average age was 63.5 years. Study patients included 18 (48.64%) women and 19 (51.35%) men. Causes of reoperation included 14 (35.89%) cases of aseptic loosening, 14 (35.89%) infections, 7 (17.94%) periprosthetic fractures, 3 (7.69%) stem fractures and one (2.56%) for instability. Mean follow-up was 42 months (range 24-74). Results: The average Harris score improved from 37 (range 10-77) points before surgery to 81 points (range 33-96) at the last follow-up. Four patients (10.2%) presented dislocation, one (2.5%) suffered a deep infection, one (2.5%) had an intra-operative fracture; 3 (7.6%) patients presented subsidence and it was necessary to revise 2 (5.1%) femoral implants. Conclusions: Satisfactory results were obtained with the femoral stem in 2 to 6 years of follow-up in several conditions of femoral revision surgeries. It requires a simple and reproducible technique with clinical improvement that has been widely published in the literature. Level of Evidence: IV

Reemplazo total de cadera en pacientes con displasia luxante / Total hip replacement due to osteoarthritis secondary to dysplasia

Introducción: se presentan los resultados obtenidos en una serie de pacientes sometidos a un reemplazo total de cadera por artrosis secundaria a displasia luxante, y se describen los problemas técnicos asociados con el reemplazo total de cadera en este grupo. Materiales y Métodos: Evaluación retrospectiva de 81 casos operados por displasia luxante. Seguimiento mínimo 2 años. Sesenta y cuatro mujeres (80%) y 16 hombres. Edad al momento de la cirugía: <60 años (67,5%). Según la clasificación de Crowe, había 24 casos de tipo 1 (30%), 36 de tipo 2 (45%), 14 de tipo 3 (17,5%) y 6 de tipo 4 (7,5%). Se realizó la medición radiográfica en milímetros del centro de rotación de la cadera y de la discrepancia de longitud (preoperatoria y posoperatoria), para poder determinar la modificación producida por la cirugía, en estos aspectos. Resultados: Se registraron 10 complicaciones relacionadas con el procedimiento: una infección profunda, 6 casos de revisión por aflojamiento mecánico, una lesión del nervio crural y 2 casos de luxación protésica temprana. La tasa de sobrevida del implante fue del 91,25% a los 10 años. El centro de rotación acetabular fue restaurado a una posición anatómica en 67 casos (hasta 1 cm), a una posición bien tolerada en 12 casos. Conclusiones: El reemplazo total de cadera en la displasia luxante continúa siendo un desafío para el especialista. Seguimos considerando adecuada la utilización de injerto óseo estructural para el defecto lateral, y molido para la protrusión provocada, y cotilos cementados para grandes defectos si no se dispone de una opción no cementada.

Introduction: we present the results in a series of patients treated with total hip replacement due to osteoarthritis secondary to hip dysplasia, and we describe the technical problems associated with total hip replacement in this group. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of 81 cases operated on due to hip dysplasia. Minimum follow-up: 2 years. Sixty-four women (80%) and 16 men. Age at surgery: <60 years (67.5%). According to Crowe classification, 24 cases were type 1 (30%), 36 type 2 (45%), 14 type 3 (17.5%) and 6 type 4 (7.5%). A radiographic measurement was performed to determine hip rotation center and length discrepancy in millimeters (pre- and postoperative), in order to evaluate the modification produced in these aspects by the surgery. Results: There were 10 complications related to the procedure: a case of deep infection, 6 cases of mechanical loosening, one case of femoral nerve injury, and two cases of early prosthetic dislocation. The implant survival rate was 91.25% at 10 years. The acetabular rotation center was restored to an anatomical position in 67 cases (up to 1 cm), and to a welltolerated position in 12 cases.Conclusions: Total hip replacement in hip dysplasia continues to be a challenge for the specialist. Structural bone grafting for the lateral defect, morcellized bone for protrusion and cemented cups if an uncemented option is not available, are still advisable.

WOMAC and SF-36: instruments for evaluating the health-related quality of life of elderly people with total hip arthroplasty. A descriptive study / WOMAC e SF-36: instrumentos para avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de idosos com artroplastia total de quadril. Um estudo descritivo

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Quality-of-life results have increasingly been evaluated among patients undergoing joint replacements. The objective of this study was to compare two assessment instruments for health-related quality of life (one generic and the other specific), among elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional descriptive study in a reference hospital in the region of Campinas.METHODS: The subjects were 88 elderly outpatients aged 60 years or over who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty. Two instruments for assessing health-related quality of life were applied: the generic Medical Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the specific Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Cronbach's alpha and the ceiling and floor effects of the instruments were evaluated.RESULTS: The scores from both instruments showed that issues of a physical nature affected these elderly people's quality of life most. The pain and stiffness dimensions of WOMAC showed ceiling effects and only the functional capacity and pain dimensions of the SF-36 did not show the ceiling effect. The SF-36 presented floor effects in the dimensions of physical and emotional aspects. Cronbach's alpha was considered satisfactory in both instruments (α > 0.70).CONCLUSIONS: The floor and ceiling effects that were observed suggest that these instruments may present some limitations in detecting changes to the majority of the SF-36 dimensions, except for functional capacity and pain, and to the pain and stiffness dimensions of WOMAC, when applied to elderly people with total hip arthroplasty.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Os resultados sobre a qualidade de vida têm sido cada vez mais avaliados em pacientes submetidos a substituições articulares. Este estudo objetivou comparar dois instrumentos de avaliação de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (um genérico e outro específico), em pacientes idosos submetidos a artroplastia total de quadril.TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo descritivo transversal em hospital de referência da região de Campinas.MÉTODOS: Os sujeitos foram 88 pacientes idosos ambulatoriais, com 60 anos ou mais, submetidos a artroplastia total de quadril primária. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos de avaliação de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde: Medical Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) (genérico) e Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) (específico). O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e os efeitos teto e chão dos instrumentos foram avaliados.RESULTADOS: Os escores de ambos os instrumentos mostraram que as questões de natureza física são as que mais afetam a qualidade de vida desses idosos. As dimensões dor e rigidez do WOMAC apresentaram efeito teto e apenas as dimensões capacidade funcional e dor do SF- 36 não mostraram o efeito teto. O SF-36 apresentou efeito de chão nas dimensões: aspectos físicos e aspectos emocionais. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi considerado satisfatório nos dois instrumentos (α > 0.70).CONCLUSÕES: A constatação dos efeitos chão e teto sugere que esses instrumentos podem apresentar algumas limitações, quando aplicados em idosos com artroplastia total de quadril, para detectar alterações na maioria das dimensões do SF-36, exceto capacidade funcional e dor, e nas dimensões dor e rigidez do WOMAC.

Clinical and epidemiological differences between septic arthritis of the knee and hip caused by oxacillin-sensitive and -resistant s. aureus

OBJECTIVE: To establish the risk factors for joint infection by oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using clinical and epidemiological data. METHODS: All septic arthritis cases of the knee and hip diagnosed and treated in our institution from 2006 to 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. Only patients with cultures identified as microbial agents were included in the study. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients were analyzed, seeking the differences between populations affected by MRSA and oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). RESULTS: S. aureus was isolated in thirty-five patients (46.0%) in our total sample, 25 in the knee and 10 in the hip. Of these 35 patients, 22 presented with MSSA and 13 presented with MRSA. Provenance from a health service-related environment, as described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was the only variable associated with oxacillin-resistant strains of this bacterium (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Provenance from a health service-related environment was associated with a higher incidence of MRSA-related septic arthritis, suggesting that this agent should be considered in the initial choice of antibiotic treatment. Previous surgeries of the knee or affected limb and the absence of leukocytes might also be related to infection with this agent. .

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of septic arthritis of the hip, 2006 to 2012, a seven-year review

OBJECTIVE: To epidemiologically characterize the population treated at our orthopedic clinic with a diagnosis of septic arthritic of the hip between 2006 and 2012. METHODS: Fifteen patients diagnosed with septic arthritis of the hip between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients' clinical and epidemiological characteristics were surveyed; a sensitivity profile relating to the microorganisms that caused the infections and the complications relating to the patients' treatment and evolution were identified. RESULTS: Septic arthritis was more common among males. Most diagnoses were made through positive synovial fluid cultures, after joint drainage was performed using the Smith-Petersen route. Among the comorbidities found, the most prevalent were systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and human immunodeficiency virus. The pathological joint conditions diagnosed prior to joint infection were osteoarthrosis and developmental dysplasia of the hip. The infectious agent most frequently isolated was Staphylococcus aureus. From the clinical and laboratory data investigated, 53.33% of the cases presented with fever, and all except one patient presented with increased measures in inflammation tests. Gram staining was positive in only 26.66% of the synovial fluid samples analyzed. Six patients presented with joint complications after treatment was administered. CONCLUSION: S. aureus is the most common pathogen in acute infections of the hip in our setting. Factors such as clinical comorbidities are associated with septic arthritis of the hip. Because of the relatively small number of patients, given that this is a condition of low prevalence, there was no statistically significant correlation in relation to worse prognosis for the disease. .

Osteosíntesis con tornillos canulados en fracturas mediales de cadera. Factores pronósticos y resultados en 93 casos / Osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures with cannulated screws. Prognostic factors and results in 93 cases

Introducción: La reducción y osteosíntesis con tornillos canulados en las fracturas mediales de cadera constituye una opción terapéutica válida. Nuestro objetivo es identificar factores pronósticos y grupos de riesgo. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 93 fracturas intracapsulares de cadera tratadas con fijación interna con tornillos canulados de 6,5 mm, entre junio de 1995 y marzo de 2011 (71 no desplazadas y 22 desplazadas). Resultados: En 82 de los 93 casos, se observó la consolidación de la fractura. Once pacientes tuvieron complicaciones (5 seudoartrosis y 6 necrosis avascular). En el grupo de fracturas no desplazadas, la consolidación fue del 95,8 por ciento y, en el grupo de las desplazadas, del 63,6 por ciento. En este último grupo, si presentaban conminución, la consolidación fue del 50 por ciento y, en el grupo sin conminución, fue del 71,4 por ciento. El índice de consolidación fue del 46,1 por ciento con reducción cerrada y del 88 por ciento con reducción abierta. Conclusión: La reducción cerrada y la osteosíntesis con tornillos canulados en fracturas impactadas o no desplazadas del cuello del fémur, cualquiera sea la edad del paciente, resulta un método exitoso. En las fracturas desplazadas, en cambio, la consolidación sin necrosis es menos previsible, por lo que su indicación deberá ser más meditada.

Background: Reduction and osteosynthesis with cannulated screws in femoral neck fracture is a valid therapeutic option. Our objective is to identify prognostic factors and risk groups. Methods: We studied retrospectively 93 femoral neck fractures treated with internal fixation with cannulated screw between June 1995 and March 2011 (71 non-displaced and 22 displaced). Results: In 82 of the 93 cases we observed bone consolidation of the fracture. Eleven patients presented complications (5 non-union and 6 avascular necrosis). Consolidation rates were 95.8% and 63.6% in the non-displaced group and the displaced group of fractures. If the displaced fractures presented conminution, consolidation rate was 50% and 71.4% in the group without conminution. The consolidation index was 46.1% with closed reduction and 88% with open reduction. Conclusion: Closed reduction and internal fixation with cannulated screws in non-displaced femoral neck fractures, regardless of the patient's age, is a successful method. In displaced fractures, on the other hand, necrosis free consolidation is less predictable, so its indication must be evaluated carefully.

Revisión acetabular con conservación del componente metálico osteointegrado y cementado de un componente de polietileno: reporte de una serie de 40 casos / Acetabular revision cementing a liner into a stable acetabular shell

Introducción: Un escenario cada vez más frecuente en la cirugía de revisión protésica de la cadera es hallar un cotilo no cementado fijo con una falla del componente modular de polietileno. Una completa revisión acetabular se presenta como demasiado agresiva cuando el componente metálico es salvable. Cementar un nuevo inserto de polietileno dentro del componente acetabular metálico osteointegrado es una alternativa. Comunicamos los resultados con esta técnica, y sus indicaciones, el modo de realización y las posibles limitaciones. Materiales y Métodos: Entre 2001 y 2011, se cementaron 40 componentes de polietileno dentro de copas no cementadas. Se evaluó radiológicamente y clínicamente a todos los pacientes. El motivo por el que se cementó un inserto fue falla o rotura de mecanismo de captura (11 casos; 27,5 por ciento), ganar estabilidad (18 casos; 45 por ciento) y falta de disponibilidad del inserto correspondiente (11 casos, 27,5 por ciento). Resultados: La tasa de duración del implante sin reoperación a 46 meses de seguimiento fue del 92 por ciento. Un paciente (2,4 por ciento) sufrió una infección, y dos presentaron inestabilidad (4,8 por ciento). No se presentaron aflojamientos hasta el último seguimiento. El puntaje preoperatorio y posoperatorio en la escala de Harris fue de 59 y 80, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los datos técnicos por considerar para tener éxito son: utilizar un inserto de menor tamaño que el de la copa, cementar insertos texturizados y dejar siempre como mínimo un manto de cemento uniforme de 2 mm. Nuestros resultados preliminares cementando un inserto de polietileno dentro de una copa acetabular osteointegrada parecerían justificar esta técnica de revisión en pos de prevenir la pérdida de capital óseo asociada a la necesidad de recambio de copas osteointegradas.

Background: Modular liner component failure in fixed shells is an increasingly frequent scenario in prosthetic revision surgery. A complete acetabular revision is too aggressive when the metallic component can be saved. An alternative is to cement a liner within the fixed shell. We report our results using this technique, pointing out its indications, modus operandi and possible limitations. Methods: From 2001 to 2011, 40 polyethylene components were cemented within fixed shells. All patients were radiologically and clinically evaluated. The reasons for which a polyethylene component was cemented were: capture mechanism failure (11 cases, 27.5%), stability (18 cases, 45%) and liner unavailability (11 cases, 27.5 %). Results: The survival rate without reoperation after 46 months of follow-up was 92%. One case (2.4%) developed an infection, and two cases evidenced instability (4.8%). The survival rate for aseptic loosening was 100%. The pre-operative Harris score was of 59, increasing up to 80 in the post-operatory period. Conclusions: Technical data to be taken into account for success: use an undersized component, to cement textured components and to leave a uniform cement layer of feat least 2 mm. Our preliminary results cementing a polyethylene component within a fixed shell would seem to justify this revision technique to prevent the loss of bone stock associated with cementless cup revision.

Associação entre achados ultrassonográficos e clínicos do quadril de pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil / Association between the ultrasonographic and clinical findings in the hips of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados ultrassonográficos do quadril em pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil (AIJ) e sua associação com sinais, sintomas e atividade da doença. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com 92 pacientes com AIJ. Foram avaliados os subtipos da doença, a idade de início, o tempo de evolução, a atividade da doença e as manifestações clínicas do envolvimento do quadril. A avaliação ultrassonográfica foi realizada na rotina dos pacientes, e as imagens foram analisadas por dois ultrassonografistas cegos em relação às condições clínicas dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: Do total de 92 pacientes, 69,6% eram meninas, com média de idade de 12,4 ± 5,1 anos. Trinta e três (35,9%) apresentaram subtipo oligoarticular persistente e trinta (32,6%) poliarticular com fator reumatoide negativo. Quarenta e quatro (47,8%) apresentaram sinal e/ou sintoma relacionado ao quadril. Vinte e nove (31,5%) apresentaram alterações ultrassonográficas, com sinovite subclínica em 34,4%. As alterações ultrassonográficas se associaram com presença de sinais e/ou sintomas do quadril (P = 0,021), especialmente limitação articular (P = 0,006), mas não com atividade (P = 0,948) ou subtipo de doença (P = 0,108). Sinovite clínica se associou com comprometimento poliarticular (P = 0,002) e atividade de doença (P = 0,017). Não houve associação entre sinovite subclínica e as variáveis estudadas. CONCLUSÃO: O acometimento clínico do quadril na AIJ, especialmente a limitação articular, está associado à sinovite na avaliação por US, independente do subtipo e da atividade da doença. Os profissionais de saúde devem estar atentos à possibilidade de doença silenciosa com sinovite subclínica, que pode contribuir para a deterioração da articulação do quadril.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the ultrasonographic (US) findings in the hips of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and the association between these findings and the signs, symptoms, and activity of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present retrospective study included 92 patients with JIA. The disease subtypes, age at disease onset, length of disease progression, disease activity, and clinical manifestations of the hip pathology were assessed. US examinations were routinely performed, and the images were analysed by two ultrasonographers who were blinded to the patients' clinical conditions. RESULTS: Of the 92 patients included in the study, 69.6% were girls, and the average age was 12.4 ± 5.1 years. Thirty-three (35.9%) participants exhibited the persistent oligoarticular subtype, and 30 (32.6%) exhibited the rheumatoid factor (RF)-negative polyarticular subtype. Forty-four participants exhibited signs and/or symptoms of hip pathology. Twentynine (31.5%) participants exhibited abnormal US findings, and 34.4% exhibited subclinical synovitis. The US alterations exhibited an association with subclinical synovitis in 34.4% of the cases. The US alterations bore a correlation with the presence of hip-related signs and/ or symptoms (P = 0.021), particularly joint limitations (P = 0.006), but were not correlated with the disease activity (P = 0.948) or subtype (P = 0.108). Clinical synovitis was associated with polyarticular involvement (P = 0.002) and disease activity (P = 0.017). Subclinical synovitis was not correlated with the investigated variables. CONCLUSION: Clinical affection of the hip in JIA, particularly joint limitation, is associated with synovitis (revealed by US assessment) independently of the activity and subtype of the disease. Therefore, healthcare professionals should consider the possible occurrence of silent disease and subclinical synovitis, which might contribute to hip deterioration.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Brazilian version of the Nonarthritic Hip Score / Traducao, adaptacao cultural e validacao da versao brasileira do questionario Nonarthritic Hip Score

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE The Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS) is a clinical evaluation questionnaire that was developed in the English language to evaluate hip function in young and physically active patients. The aims of this study were to translate this questionnaire into the Brazilian Portuguese language, to adapt it to Brazilian culture and to validate it. DESIGN AND SETTING Cohort study conducted between 2008 and 2010, at Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). METHODS Questions about physical activities and household chores were modified to better fit Brazilian culture. Reproducibility, internal consistency and validity (correlations with the Algofunctional Lequesne Index and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index [WOMAC]) were tested. The NAHS-Brazil, Lequesne and WOMAC questionnaires were applied to 64 young and physically active patients (mean age, 40.9 years; 31 women). RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficient (which measures reproducibility) was 0.837 (P < 0.001). Bland-Altman plots revealed a mean error in the difference between the two measurements of 0.42. The internal consistency was confirmed through a Cronbach alpha of 0.944. The validity between NAHS-Brazil and Lequesne and between NAHS-Brazil and WOMAC showed high correlations, r = 0.7340 and r = 0.9073, respectively. NAHS-Brazil showed good validity with no floor or ceiling effects. CONCLUSION The NAHS was translated into the Brazilian Portuguese language and was cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian culture. It was shown to be a useful tool in clinical practice for assessing the quality of life of young and physically active patients with hip pain. .

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO O Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS) é um questionário de avaliação clínica que foi desenvolvido na língua inglesa para avaliar a função do quadril em pacientes jovens e fisicamente ativos. O objetivo desse estudo foi traduzir o questionário NAHS para a língua portuguesa do Brasil, adaptá-lo à cultura brasileira e validá-lo. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL Estudo de coorte, realizado entre 2008 e 2010, na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). MÉTODOS Questões sobre atividades físicas e tarefas domésticas foram modificadas para melhor adaptação à cultura brasileira. Reprodutibilidade, consistência interna e validade (correlação entre o Algofunctional Lequesne Index e o Western Ontario McMaster Universities Arthritis Index [WOMAC]) foram testadas. Os questionários NAHS-Brasil, Lequesne e WOMAC foram aplicados em 64 pacientes jovens e fisicamente ativos (média de idade, 40,9 anos; 31 mulheres). RESULTADOS O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse que avalia reprodutibilidade mostrou valores de 0,837 (P < 0,001). O gráfico de Bland-Altman revelou um erro médio da diferença das duas medidas de 0,42. A consistência interna foi avaliada pelo alfa de Cronbach com valores de 0,944. A validade entre os questionários NAHS-Brasil/Lequesne e NAHS-Brasil/WOMAC mostraram alta correlação, r = 0,7340 e r = 0,9073; respectivamente. O NAHS-Brasil mostrou boa validade sem efeitos de chão ou de teto. CONCLUSÃO O NAHS foi traduzido para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e adaptado para a cultura brasileira, mostrando ser uma ferramenta útil na prática clínica para avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes jovens e fisicamente ativos com dor no quadril. .

Resultados de los estudios experimentales y evolución clínica en la cirugía reconstructiva con polímero osteointegrable / Results of experimental studies and clinical evolution in reconstructive surgery with osseointegrated polymer

Introducción: Los sustitutos óseos son todos aquellos materiales elaborados. Se comercializan en diversas formas y han demostrado gran eficacia en diversos tipos de reconstrucción. Materiales y métodos: En el período comprendido entre marzo de 2003 y marzo de 2010 se realizaron 28 intervenciones quirúrgicas (17 mujeres y 11 varones) sobre la articulación de la cadera. En 26 casos fueron cirugías de revisión y sólo dos, artroplastias primarias. La edad promedio en el momento de la cirugía fue de 62,6 años (rango 52 a 88). Resultados: Los resultados se clasificaron en clínicoradiológicos y experimentales debiendo diferenciar distintos parámetros, a saber: la resistencia de carga a la compresión en diseños de cotilos, en fémures cadavéricos y en cotilos recuperados; imágenes de microscopia electrónica y el comportamiento volumétrico al final de su fase de expansión. Los resultados clínico-radiológicos se observaron a través de sus ventajas en la rehabilitación, la recuperación funcional, la ausencia de dolor, la osteointegración a lo largo del tiempo y la ausencia de subsidencias o migración de los implantes. Conclusiones: Como en el caso de todas las experiencias en medicina, este es el comienzo de nuevas técnicas que hasta el momento han servido para resolver problemas difíciles, de forma más rápida, práctica y segura.

Background: bone substitutes are man-made materials. They are supplied in various forms and have proven their effectiveness in different reconstruction types. Methods: From March 2003 to March 2010 twenty eight (17 females and 11 males) surgical interventions were performed on the hip joint. 26 cases were revision surgery and only 2 were primary arthroplasties. Average age at the time of surgery was 62.6 years (range 52-88). Results: The results were classified in clinical-radiological and experimental; different parameters were considered: resistance to compression in acetabular designs, cadaver femurs, and recovered acetabuli. Electron microscopy images were obtained and the volumetric behavior at the end of the expansion phase was measured. Clinical-radiological results were rated according to their advantages in the rehabilitation, functional recovery, absence of pain, osteointegration in time, and absence of implant subsidence or migration. Conclusions: As with all experiences in medicine, this is the beginning of new techniques that have served so far to solve difficult problems in a faster, safer and more practical manner.

Reemplazo total del fémur: indicaciones y técnica quirúrgica en una patología no tumoral / Total femoral replacement: surgical technique in non-neoplastic disorders

Introducción: Existen múltiples causas de origen no tumoral que generan déficit de capital óseo femoral. Las soluciones planteadas para este problema son diversas y deben analizarse de acuerdo con la causa y la magnitud del déficit óseo femoral y acetabular; el estado de la musculatura del paciente, en especial del músculo glúteo medio; la presencia de infección; la edad y los antecedentes del paciente y, por supuesto, la experiencia del cirujano y su ámbito quirúrgico. En ciertos casos, el déficit óseo femoral es de tal magnitud que debe optarse por la utilización de megaprótesis; su máxima expresión es el reemplazo total del fémur (RTF). Materiales y métodos: En este trabajo se analizan, en forma retrospectiva, 6 pacientes operados en nuestro centro, en los cuales se utilizó una prótesis de reemplazo total de fémur de fabricación nacional, con un seguimiento promedio de 3,8 años. Resultados: Un paciente falleció a los 45 días de operado por un cuadro séptico, otro fracasó por la persistencia de un cuadro infeccioso previo y los restantes 4 realizan una marcha útil y se encuentran satisfechos física y emocionalmente con el resultado. Conclusiones: Consideramos que, si bien el número de pacientes evaluados es escaso, debido a la poco habitual indicación de esta cirugía, este análisis nos permite hacer hincapié en las características técnicas del procedimiento, así como develar algunos aspectos de sus indicaciones y contraindicaciones.

Análise biomecânica das articulações do quadril e joelho durante a marcha em participantes idosos / Biomechanical analysis of hip and knee joints during gait in elderly subjects

O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a amplitude de movimento, o momento de força, a potência e o trabalho das articulações do quadril e joelho durante a marcha em um grupo de participantes entre 55 e 75 anos de idade. O andar é uma atividade diária comum e normalmente prescrita como exercício terapêutico na reabilitação de pessoas idosas. Dados cinemáticos e cinéticos das articulações do quadril e joelho foram obtidos usando o sistema Optotrak, associado a uma plataforma de força, raio-X padronizado para determinar com acurácia o centro de rotação das articulações do joelho e quadril e dados antropométricos. A articulação do quadril gerou mais trabalho que o joelho durante a marcha. O quadril gerou um total de 0.40J/kg, sendo que 22 por cento ocorreram no plano frontal, 76 por cento no sagital e 2 por cento no plano transverso. A articulação do joelho gerou um trabalho total de 0,30J/kg durante a marcha, sendo 7 por cento no plano frontal, 90 por cento no sagital e 3 por cento no transverso. O estudo biomecânico das articulações durante diferentes atividades leva a uma maior compreensão do papel de cada articulação durante o movimento, contribuindo assim para a elaboração de melhores programas físicos de reabilitação, prevenção e treinamento de performance.

The objective of this study was to quantify the range of motion, force momentum, power and the mechanical work performed by hip and knee joints during gait in a group of subjects aged between 55 and 75 years. As a common activity of daily life, walking is often prescribed as a therapeutic exercise in elderly adults' rehabilitation. Kinematic and kinetic analyses during gait were obtained from optical tracking, force plate, standardized x-ray imaging and anthropometric data. The total effort generated by the hip joint during gait was greater than the one of the knee joint. The hip joint generated a total effort of 0.40J/kg, with 22 percent on the frontal plane, 76 percent on sagittal plane, and 2 percent on transverse plane. The total effort generated at the knee joint during gait was 0,30J/kg, with 7 percent occurring on frontal plane, 90 percent on sagittal plane, and 3 percent on transverse plane. The biomechanical analysis of the joints during different activities would help clinicians to identify and understand important variables required for improving the performance and deficits of elderly individuals.